This book argues that a major potential source of social tension in transition and developing countries is not poverty as such, but vulnerability to poverty, that is the risk of becoming poor. It demonstrates how in China many of the recent reforms to the public sector, such as decentralisation from central to local government, especially fiscal decentralisation, the reduction in public services provided by the state, the increasing practice of local government of charging fees for basic services which were previously free, decollectivisation of the rural commune system and market sector experimentation in Economic Processing Zones have made many households extremely vulnerable to poverty, having to find funds to pay for health and education, and leaving the households exposed should macro-economic fluctuations related to factors such as trade, resource imports, and exchange rate variations have an adverse impact on the Chinese economy overall. The book discusses these problems, relates them to the economic literature and outlines the likely consequences.
