The book presents chitosan and chitosan-based nanocomposites and their extensive applications in medical science. Utilization of chitosan nanostructured composites in different biomedical applications is highlighted. The book is suitable to be used as reference/textbook for studying the biological aspects of chitosan hybrid materials and their efficacy in different therapeutic applications. The important features of the book are summarized as follows:Chitosan as an overviewKey biological aspects of chitosan-based nanocompositesSynthetic techniques for fabrication of chitosan nanocomposites for biomedical applicationsDesigning of chitosan-based smart materials for release of therapeuticsFabrication of nanostructured chitosan-based devices for diagnosis and sensing applicationsChitosan nanocomposites for regenerative applicationsMedicinal and therapeutic efficacy of chitosan-based hybrid materials.