This volume includes five chapters that describe recent advancements in materials science research. Chapter One explains the advantages of electroactive dye polymers as redox mediators and summarizes the recent developments of electrochemical (bio)sensors based on these polymer films. Chapter Two deals with the harmful effects of diverse pollutants on natural stones and natural stones as potential sources of pollution. Chapter Three explores the role that stones play as elements of cultural landscapes throughout history. Chapter Four studies the changes in PLLA crystal orientation for the uniaxially drawn films of corresponding hybrid materials by differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffractometry and transmission electron microscopy. Lastly, Chapter Five presents an overview of different polypyrrole films electrogenerated onto AZ91D magnesium alloy.