Neurosurgical emergencies, both traumatic and non-traumatic, may progress rapidly and if timely emergency management is not offered, these can lead to permanent neurological damage and disabilities. The spectrum of pediatric neurosurgical emergencies can range from traumatic brain injuries, infection, vascular lesions, acute hydrocephalus, and so on. Pediatric neurosurgical emergencies represent a challenging situation in the emergency room as in children it may be difficult to differentiate the etiology. This book provides an overview of pediatric neurosurgical emergencies, emergency room management and resuscitation, neurocritical care and fluid resuscitation in children. It covers the spectrum of common acute pediatric neurosurgical disorders that may be encountered in the emergency room and require urgent neurosurgical intervention.