The Iliad by is an ancient Greek epic poem that narrates the events of the Trojan War, focusing on the conflict between the Greek hero Achilles and King Agamemnon. The story begins with Agamemnon's refusal to return Chryseis, a captive woman, to her father, a priest of Apollo, leading to a plague inflicted by the god upon the Greek camp. To appease Apollo, Agamemnon agrees to release Chryseis but demands Achilles' war prize, Briseis, as compensation. This act incites Achilles' wrath, causing him to withdraw from battle, which significantly impacts the Greek forces. The story explores themes of honor, wrath, and divine intervention, weaving the struggles of heroes and gods into a dramatic tale of war and humanity.

The Iliad by Homer is a cornerstone of ancient Greek literature and has profoundly influenced Western culture. Composed in the 8th century BC, it is one of the oldest extant works of Western literature, offering a vivid portrayal of the Trojan War and the heroism of Achilles. The epic has been a subject of scholarly study for centuries, with debates surrounding its historicity and the existence of Troy. Archaeological discoveries, such as those by Heinrich Schliemann at Hisarlik, have reignited discussions about the poem's basis in historical events. Beyond its historical implications, The Iliad has significantly shaped literary traditions, inspiring countless works and adaptations across various art forms.